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长度/距离 | 1 in (inch英寸,吋) = 25.4 mm |
| 1 cm = 0.3937007874 in |
| 1 ft (feet英尺,呎) = 0.3048 m |
| 1 m = 3.280839895 ft |
| 1 ft = 12 in |
| 1 in = 0.0833333333 ft |
| 1 yd (yard码) = 3 ft = 36 in = 0.9144 m | ||
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| 1 yd = 0.0005681818 mi, mi(Int) |
| 1 mi, mi(Int) (mile英哩)= 1760 yd = 5280 ft = 1.609344 km | ||
| 1 km = 0.6213711922 mi, mi(Int) (mile英哩) | ||
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面积 | 1 ft2 (平方英尺) = 0.09290304 m2 |
| 1 m2 = 10.7639104167 ft2 |
| 1 ft2 = 2.29568-5 ac (acre英亩) |
| 1 ac (acre英亩) = 43560 ft2 |
| 1 ac = 4046.8564224 m2 |
| 1 m2 = 0.0002471054 ac |
| 1 ac = 0.4046856422 ha (hectare公顷) | ||
| 1 ha (hectare公顷) = 2.4710538147 ac = 10000 m2 | ||
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体积/容积 | 1 cc (cubic centimeter立方厘米cm3) = 1 mL (milliliter毫升) | ||
| 1 gal (UK) (gallon加仑(英制)) = 8 pt (UK) (pint品脱(英制)) = 4.54609 L, l (liter公升) | ||
| 1 gal (US) (gallon加仑(美制)) = 8 pt (US) (pint品脱(美制)) = 3.78541 L, l (liter公升) | ||
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速度 | 1 mph (mile/hour英哩/小时) = 1.609344 km/h (千米/小时) = 1,609 m/h (米/小时) | ||
| 1 km/h = 0.6213711922 mph |
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| 1 Mach (20°C, 1 atm) (马赫,20°C, 1个大气压) = 343.6 m/s (米/秒) | ||
| 1 Mach (SI standard) (马赫,国际单位制) = 295.0464000003 m/s (米/秒) | ||
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质量 | 1 g = 1000 mg |
| 1 mg = 0.001 g |
| 1 lbs (pounds磅) = 0.454 kg |
| 1 kg = 2.20 lbs |
| 1 oz (ounce盎司) = 28.35 g |
| 1 g = 0.035 oz |
| 1 lbs = 16 oz |
| 1 oz = 0.0625 lbs |
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力 | 1 N = 1kg m/s2 |
| 1 N = 0.1019716213 kgf |
| 1 kgf (kilogram-force千克-力) = 9.80665 N | ||
| 1 lbf (pound-force磅-力)= 4.4482216153 N | ||
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| 1 N = 0.2248089431 lbf |
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压强 | 1 MPa (MegaPascal兆帕斯卡,兆帕) = 1000kPa (kilopascal千帕斯卡,千帕) | ||
| 1 MPa (MegaPascal兆帕斯卡,兆帕) = 1,000,000Pa (pascal帕斯卡) | ||
| 1 MPa = 10 bar (巴) |
| 1 bar = 100kPa (千帕) = 0.1MPa (兆帕) = 1000 mbar (毫巴) |
| 1 kPa = 10 mbar = 0.1450377377 psi (pound-force per square inch磅/平方英寸) = 4" WC (in. Water Column 英寸水柱) | ||
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| 1 psi (磅/平方英寸) = 6.8947572932 kPa |
| 1 bar (巴) = 750.0637554192 millimeter mercury (0°C,毫米汞柱) | ||
| 1 millimeter mercury (0°C,毫米汞柱) = 0.00133322 bar | ||
| 1 bar (巴) = 1.019716213 at (大气压) |
| 1 at (大气压) = 0.980665 bar = 101.325kPa = 760毫米汞柱 |
| 1 bar (巴) = 750.061682704 Torr (托) |
| 1 Torr (托) = 0.0013332237 bar |
| 1 Pa (帕) = 0.0075006168 Torr (托) |
| 1 Torr (托) = 133.3223684211 Pa |
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温度 | °C (摄氏度) = 5/9 X (°F - 32) |
| °F (华氏度) = 9/5 X (°C + 32) |
| K (开氏度) = °C + 273.15 |
| °C = K - 273.15 |
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能量 | 1 kJ (kilojoule千焦耳/千焦) = 1,000 J (Joule焦耳/焦) = 0.2390057361 kcal (kilocalorie千卡路里/千卡) | ||
| 1 kcal (thermal) = 4.184 kJ |
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功率 | 1 kW = 3600 kJ/h (千焦/小时) |
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| 1 kW = 860.4206500956 kcal/h (thermal) (千卡/小时) = 859.845227859 kcal/h (千卡/小时) | ||
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| 1 kcal/h = 0.001163 kW |
| 1 kW = 1.3596216173 horsepower (马力,metric米制) | ||
| 1 horsepower (马力,metric米制) = 0.73549875 kW | ||
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力矩 | 1 kilogram-force meter (千克-力*米) = 9.80665 newton meter (N*m牛顿*米/牛*米) | ||
| 1 pound-force foot (lbf*ft) (磅-力*呎) = 1.355818 newton meter (N*m) (N*m牛顿*米/牛*米) | ||
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流量 | 1 cubic meter/hour (m3/h立方米/小时) = 1,000 liter/hour (公升/小时) | ||
| 1 cubic foot/minute (ft3/min立方呎/分) = 28.316 liter/minute (LPM) | ||
| 1 gal/minute (UK) (GPM加仑/分(英制)) = 4.54609 l/m (LPM公升/分) | ||
| 1 gal/minute (US) (GPM加仑/分(美制)) = 3.78541 l/m (LPM公升/分) | ||
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力作用于质量产生加速度。国际单位制中力的单位是牛顿N。1牛顿是使1千克质量产生1 m/s2 加速度的力。1千克-力(kgf)也是力的单位,是使1千克质量产生9.80665 m/s2 (重力)加速度的力,即重力。所以,1 kgf (kilogram-force千克-力) = 9.80665 N。
国际单位制中压强单位是帕Pa。1帕压力是指1牛顿的力垂直作用于1平方米面积上,即1 N/m2 或 1 kg/m·s2。
巴bar是公制压强单位,1巴相当于100,000Pa帕,或100kPa千帕,或0.1MPa兆帕。
磅/平方英寸(psi)是英制压强单位。1psi相当于1磅-力垂直作用于1平方英寸面积上,相当于6,895 pascals (N/m2)
国际单位制中能量单位是千焦kJ。1千焦等于1000焦耳Joule。1焦耳Joule (J)是1牛顿N作用于物体移动1米所对应的能量。
1卡路里是将1克水温度提高1摄氏度所对应的能量。1千卡路里(kcal,千卡,大卡)等于1000卡路里,或4.1868千焦
粘度
动力粘度(dynamic viscosity),也被称为动态粘度、绝对粘度或简单粘度,定义为应力与应变速率之比,其数值上等于面积为1㎡相距1m的两平板,以1m/s的速度作相对运动时,因之间存在的流体互相作用所产生的内摩擦力。单位为N·s/㎡(牛顿秒每平方米),即Pa·s(帕秒),其量纲为M/(L·T)。按国际单位制,粘度的单位为帕·秒。有时也用泊poise或厘泊centipoise (1泊=10-1帕·秒,1厘泊= 10-2泊)
运动粘度(kinematic viscosity)表示液体在重力作用下流动时内摩擦力的量度,其值为相同温度下的动力粘度与其密度之比,在国际单位制中以㎡/s (平方米/秒)表示。习惯用斯Stoke(St)或厘斯centiStoke (cSt) 为单位。1厘斯=10-6平方米/秒=1平方毫米/秒。
赛氏粘度(Saybolt universal viscosity),即赛波特(saybolt)粘度。是一定量的试样,在规定温度(如100°F、F210°F或122°F等)下从赛氏粘度计流出60毫升所需的秒数,以“秒”单位。
赛氏粘度有赛氏通用粘度(Saybolt Universal,常用SSU表示)及赛氏重油粘度(Saybolt Furol,常用SSF表示)之分,两种粘度计的差别主要在于试样流出孔的口径上,赛氏通用粘度计之孔口径较小,重油粘度计较大。一般当以赛氏通用粘度计测得之流出时间超过2000秒时,则改用赛氏重油粘度计。数值上SSF约等于SSU的十倍。
动力粘度viscosity - dynamic
1 pascal second (Pa*s帕秒) = 1 newton second/square meter (N·s/㎡牛顿秒每平方米) = 10 poise (P泊) = 1,000 centipoise (cP厘泊]
运动粘度viscosity - kinematic
1 square meter/second (㎡/s 平方米/秒) = 10000 St (Stokes斯) = 1000000 cSt (centiStokes厘斯)
Liquid Viscosities 液体黏度 | |||
Typical Liquid | CentiPoise (cp) | Centistokes (cSt) | Saybolt Second Universal (SSU) |
Water水 | 1 | 1 | 31 |
Milk牛奶 | 3 | 4 | 40 |
No. 4 Fuel Oil燃油 | 12.6 | 15.7 | 40 |
Cream奶油 | 20 | 20.6 | 100 |
Vegetable Oil植物油 | 40 | 43.2 | 200 |
SAE 10 Oil润滑油 | 88 | 110 | 500 |
Tomato Juice番茄酱 | 180 | 220 | 1,000 |
SAE 30 Oil润滑油 | 352 | 440 | 2,000 |
Glycerine甘油 | 800 | 1,100 | 5,000 |
Honey蜂蜜 | 1,500 | 2,200 | 10,000 |
Glue胶水 | 3,000 | 4,500 | 20,000 |
Mayonnaise蛋黄酱 | 5,000 | 6,250 | 28,000 |
Molasses B糖蜜 | 8,640 | 10,800 | 50,000 |
Sour Cream酸奶奶油 | 15,000 | 19,000 | 86,000 |