Slips, trips, and falls constitute the majority of general industry accidents. They cause 15% of all accidental deaths, and are second only to motor vehicles as a cause of fatalities. Management should implement fall protection and fall prevention programs to protect employees.

滑倒，跌倒、坠落造成了大多数常见工伤事故。15％的意外死亡由此而起，是仅次于机动车辆事故的致死原因。管理层应实施坠落保护和坠落防护计划以保护员工。

Falls from evaluated locations account for the majority of deadly falls. Companies must identify fall hazards and implement effective fall prevention programs and fall protection systems to protect employees. The primary action is to eliminate fall hazards. The US Department of Labor reports that falls are one of the primary causes of occupational death. When an employee is working at a height of four feet or more, the employee is risking a fatal fall: fall protection and fall prevention programs are required. Fall protection must be provided at four feet in general industry, five feet in maritime and six feet in construction. Fall protection is also required when an employee is working over dangerous equipment or machinery.

高处坠落又构成了坠落致死的主要部分。企业应明辨坠落隐患，实施有效的坠落防护计划和坠落保护体系以保护员工。基本措施是要消除坠落隐患。美国劳工部报告指出，坠落事故是职业死亡的主要原因之一。员工在四英尺(1.2米)及以上工作时，即存在可致命的坠落风险：亦即要求采取坠落保护和坠落防护计划。美国职业健康安全署OSHA规定：通用行业在四英尺(1.2米)高度，船舶作业在五英尺(1.5米)高度，建筑行业在六英尺(1.8米)高度，必须为作业者提供坠落保护。员工在危险设备或机器上方工作时，也要求配备坠落保护措施。

The following activities within the chemical supply chain involve working at height: Transport, Warehousing, Tank Cleaning and Repair stations, transfer terminals and depots at which the following activities are carried out:  Loading/Unloading of bulk or packaged goods, Top loading/unloading, opening/closing of covers/valves, connections/disconnections, sealing, sampling etc.

化学品供应链中下列活动会涉及登高作业：运输，仓储，罐车清洗维修站，转运站和仓库，其中所进行的作业包括：装载/卸载散装或包装货物，顶部装卸， 盖/阀的打开/关闭，连接/脱离，密封，取样等

Directive 2001/45/EEC Of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001 amending Council Directive 89/655/EEC concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work (second individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC).  

欧盟2001年6月27日2001/45/EEC指令对89/655/EEC指令作出修订，其中即涉及到工作中员工所用工作器材的最低安全和健康要求。

Site Management are legally required to undertake and document the Working at Height risk assessment. It is recommended that all risk assessments associated with working at height are performed by competent personnel who are trained in risk techniques and assessment.  These risk assessments should identify the critical activities in the supply chain and shall: 

• Identify all risks and hazards for each activity

• Where possible, eliminate the risk through not working at height

• Where  it  is  not  possible  to  eliminate  the  risk,  identify  proportionate  risk  management measures

• Identify the severity of the risks for each activity by the use of a Risk Matrix

• Identify persons who may be involved in the work associated with identified risks 

Any risk assessment should be documented, retained and periodically reviewed  

法规要求 现场管理工作对登高作业进行风险评估并予以记录备案。法规与登高作业相关的所有风险评估工作由具备资质、并受过风控技术和风险评估培训的人员担当。风险评估需明辨供应链中关键作业活动，并应，

l  明确每项活动的所有风险和危害

l  在可能的情况下，避免登高作业以消除风险

l  如果不可能消除此类风险，确定等比例的风险管控措施

l  通过使用风险列表确定每项活动中风险的严重程度

l  认定可能从事此类已辨识风险相关的工作的人员

所有风险评估应记录在案，保留并定期复核。

The main way to ensure safety is to avoid the need to get on top of the vehicle in the first place. – Measures should be undertaken to ensure this. The hierarchy of control should establish, the action to be followed to determine the most safe and practical method to be used: 

确保安全的主要方法首先是避免需要在车顶的登高作业。 - 应采取措施确保这一点。管控层次应该确定要采取的行动，以找出可采用的最安全和实际的方法：

1. Where access to the top of vehicles cannot be eliminated, fixed gantries should be provided at loading and discharge facilities that incorporate secure fencing on all sides of the high level working position from which a person could fall.  Where a fixed gantry loading/unloading is not reasonably practicable, and vehicle top access cannot be eliminated, ensure that secure fencing is provided to all sides of the walkway or load platform of the vehicle. A possible way to achieve this is the use of mobile gantries to access working at height areas. These have the advantage of being less expensive than fixed gantries and can be manufactured to cater for both tanker and packed goods operations.

在无法排除登顶车辆作业的情况下，应当在装载和卸货场所提供固定登高架，其在登高作业位置上所有人员可能坠落的侧面装设防护栏。

如果使用固定登高架装卸不尽合理现实，而登高作业又无法避免，则应确保车顶走道或其装卸平台的所有侧面具备安全围栏。做到这点的一个可行方法是使用移动登高架来上达登高作业区。这类装置比固定登高架经济，并且可以按槽罐车和堆放的货物的实际作业要求来制造。

2. Use of personal fall restraint or fall arrest systems should be seen as the last resort, or used as an interim solution, pending application of the points above and then only if all of the previous control measures are not reasonably practicable. Where used, rigorous controls and training measures need to be applied to support this.

Safety harnesses must be included in the personnel protective equipment which the driver needs to have on board the vehicle at all times.

The fitment of a “safety rail” should not be seen as a safe means of working at height, but merely as a guide to the edge of the vehicle. It is also a means for the driver to use when moving forward on the vehicle. The use of the handrail to affix a safety harness onto is considered unacceptable as the strength of the handrail will NOT support a person if they happen to fall.

使用个人坠落保护绳或保护索应该只被视为最后手段，或用作过渡措施，留待上述措施得以落实，或仅当前述管控措施不具合理现实性。使用时，必须采取严格的管控及培训措施以与之配合。

驾驶人员必须在随车携带的个人防护器材中常备安全绳索。

安装“安全扶挡”不应被视为登高作业的安全手段，而只是作为车辆边缘的导引物。这也是驾驶员在车顶前行时使用的装置。使用扶挡固定安全带是不可接受的，因为扶挡强度不能承载一个人碰巧跌落时的重量。