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芳烃-改善人们生活 Aromatics Improving the Quality of Your Life

Many items taken for granted in our modern, everyday lives rely on products made by the aromatics industry, with benefits like durability, comfort, lightweight design and safety. Aromatics are used to make products for areas such as medicine, transport, telecommunications, fashion and sports.

人们摩登的日常生活中很多司空见惯的器物都有赖于芳烃工业生产的产品,并得益于其耐用、舒适、轻质、安全等优点。芳烃可用于诸如医药、交通、通讯、时尚和运动等众多领域的产品制造。

 

•Aromatics get their name from their distinctive aromatic or perfumed smell.  The main substances in this group, benzene, toluene and the xylenes, are basic chemicals used as starting materials for a wide range of consumer products. Almost all aromatics come from crude oil, although small quantities are made from coal.

芳香烃因其独特的芳香、香氛型的气味而得名。该类别中的主要物质,苯、甲苯、二甲苯,是多种消费品制造用起始原料的基础化学品。几乎所有芳烃都来自原油,也有小部分来自煤化工。

 

•Everyday items made with the help of aromatics can be found in the home, workplace and supermarket. They include a diverse range of products such as clothing, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, computers, paints, vehicle components, cooking utensils, household fabrics, carpets and sports equipment.

芳烃所制造的日常物品,在居家、工作场所、超市中都随处可见。包括分支广泛的产品,如面料、医药、化妆品、电脑、油漆、汽车零部件、厨具、家居织物、地毯、运动器材等。

 

•Products made using aromatics can reduce energy consumption and so have a positive impact on the environment. For example, lightweight plastic components in vehicles and aircraft, and insulating foams in houses and offices are made with the help of aromatics.

芳烃制造的产品可以降低能耗,有益于环境。例如,车辆和飞机中的轻质塑料部件,住家和办公楼采用的隔热保温泡沫,都得益于芳烃。

 

•Benzene has been attacked in the press as a hazardous product. It has indeed been classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). However it is important to note that benzene itself is not a consumer product. Benzene is used within the chemical industry to produce other chemicals; these are then used to make consumer goods. All handling and applications of benzene must meet strict international standards to protect the consumer from any risk. Industry generally applies even more stringent standards than are required by regulatory authorities.

苯,在媒体上被当作一种有害物质饱受攻击。其确实被国际癌症研究机构(IARC)归类为确认人类致癌物。但重要的是要了解苯自身并非最终消费品。苯在化工界被用于生产其它化学品;而这些化学品再被用于制造最终消费品。苯的所有操作和应用都必须满足严格的国际标准,从而保护消费者免于风险。化工界内部甚或还采用比监管机构要求更严格的标准。

 

 

The aromatics industry's socio-economic impact

In 2000, European production of aromatics - benzenes, toluene and the xylenes – totalled 12.5 million tonnes with a value of EUR 4.6 billion. This sector has a major socio-economic impact in Europe, both in its contribution to Gross Domestic Product(GDP) in EU member states, in providing direct and indirect employment, and by producing raw materials for products that contribute to the comfort, safety and security of everyday life.

The aromatics industry directly employs around 20,000 people, and around 70,000 work in production of plastics and polymers, which are the principal derivatives of aromatics.  The wider industry chain - including machine manufacturers and converters – is employing over 1 million people.

芳烃产业的社会经济影响

2000年,欧洲芳烃产量 - 苯、甲苯、二甲苯 - 总计为1250万吨,产值46亿欧元。这个产业因而在欧洲具有重要的社会经济影响,既有对成员国国民生产总值GDP的贡献,也提供直接或间接的就业机会,更为制造日常生活中舒适、安全、安防产品提供原料。

芳烃产业直接雇佣约20000名员工,另有约70000名员工从事芳烃主要衍生产品,塑料及聚合物的生产。更宽泛的产业链 - 包括机械制造、产品成形等 - 雇员超过百万。

 

Products made with aromatics, such as lightweight plastic components in cars and aircraft, help reduce energy consumption and so have a positive impact on the environment.”

芳烃制造的产品,比如汽车或飞机上的轻质塑料部件,有助于减少能耗,从而有益于环境。

 

Insulation helps make homes more comfortable– keeping them warm in winter and cool in summer – and lowers utility bills. It also makes sense for the environment, reducing energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. It is estimated that since the energy crisis of the 1970s, the use of polystyrene foam insulation (produced from benzene) in construction has saved the equivalent of more than 23 billion litres of fuel oil world-wide. For typical households, it takes just one year to recover the energy needed to manufacture the insulating material.

Source: APME

保温材料使家居更舒适 - 冬暖夏凉 - 节电节能。也有益环保,减少能耗减少二氧化碳释放。据估算,七十年代能源危机以来,聚苯乙烯隔热泡沫(苯的产品)在建筑业的使用在全球节约了相当于230万公升燃油的使用。普通住家只用一年就可节省生产其所用保温材料所耗能源。

 

Aromatics are not only about everyday household products– they are also used in the manufacture of vital healthcare products, such as penicillin.”

芳烃不仅用于日常家居产品 - 更用于制造健康攸关的产品,比如青霉素。 

 

From benzene to food packaging, aspirin and nylon stockings

从苯到食品包装阿司匹林和尼龙袜

Benzene is a colourless liquid occurring naturally in fossil raw materials such as crude oil and coal. It is produced during processing of petroleum liquids and through chemical reactions. It is a key basic chemical for manufacture of a wide range of everyday items, and is not itself used directly by consumers. It is the major raw material for production of:

苯是无色液体,天然存在化石原料如原油和煤中。提炼石油产品和经过化学反应均可获得。苯是生产广泛的日常用品的关键基础化学品,但其本身并不 直接用于消费品。苯是生产下列产品的重要原料,


• Styrene, which is used to produce polystyrene and ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) and rubber products. Polystyrene is found in the home, office, supermarket and fast-food restaurants. It comes in many shapes and forms, from foam egg cartons to disposable coffee cups, from CD "jewel boxes" to toys. "Peanuts" used in packing, and lightweight foam pieces which cushion new appliances such as televisions or computers, are also made with polystyrene. ABS is a tough plastic, widely used for computer and telephone housings, luggage, sporting helmets, automotive parts, and toys such as children's building bricks. 

苯乙烯,用于生产聚苯乙烯、ABC(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物)、以及橡胶制品。聚苯乙烯在居家、办公室、快餐店随处可见。形状形式各异,从鸡蛋托到一次性咖啡杯,从CD盒到玩具。衬护崭新电器产品,电视机、电脑等的泡沫粒发泡垫也是聚苯乙烯做的。ABS是硬质塑料,广泛用于电脑、电话机壳、旅行箱、运动头盔、汽车部件、儿童积木块等玩具。

 

• Cumene and phenol are used as a starting material to make health-care products such as aspirin and penicillin, one of the first and still one of the most widely used antibiotic agents used to treat a wide variety of diseases, such as pneumonia, spinal meningitis, throat infections and diphtheria. Phenol is also used to produce bisphenol A, from which epoxy resins and polycarbonates are made. Epoxy resins are used to give high resistance to paints used on ships and in chemical storage tanks. Polycarbonates are transformed into compact discs, safety glass, safety helmets, lenses, light "plastic" glasses and cooling fans. Touch-sensitive panels on telephones are created with films of polycarbonate.

异丙苯、苯酚常用作制造健康产品的起始原料,比如阿司匹林、青霉素;而青霉素是最早,并仍是最广泛使用的抗生素之一,用于治疗多种疾病,包括肺炎、脊柱灰髓炎(小儿麻痹症)、咽喉感染、白喉等。苯酚也 用于生产双酚A,并进而制造环氧树脂、聚碳酸脂。环氧树脂可生产用于船舶、化工储罐等的高防腐涂料。聚碳酸酯则加工成形为光盘、防护眼镜、安全头盔、镜头、轻质塑料眼镜、冷风扇等。电话机上的 触摸屏也是用聚碳酸酯做的。

 

• Cyclohexane, used as an intermediate to produce nylon (see opposite), one of the earlier plastics and a versatile product with an endless list of applications.  All consumers know its advantages when used in easy-care clothing, such as stockings, but its applications also include engineering plastics for cars, toys, health care products, carpets, roller-blade wheels, ship sails and parachutes, to name but a few. Benzene is also used to produce vehicle tyres, detergents, solvents, dyes, cosmetics, aspirin and home care products.

环己烷,作为中间体用于生产尼龙 - 最早发明的塑料材料之一,更是具有无穷无尽应用实例的百变之材。消费者通过接触免烫面料,比如袜子,了解尼龙的长处,但其应用远还包括各种工程塑料,用于汽车、玩具、健康器材、地毯、滑轮车、船帆、降落伞等等,不胜枚举。 苯也用于生产轮胎、洗涤剂、溶剂、染料、化妆皮、阿司匹林、以及家居产品。

 

Eradicating disease in the developing world 在发展中国家扑灭疾病

Nylon filter cloth is helping to further a US$7.5 billion World Health Organisation effort to wipe out infectious diseases world-wide by 2030 by directly targeting one of them– Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis). A special nylon monofilament cloth filters out Guinea worm larvae from drinking water and millions of square meters are now in use in Asia and Africa. As a result, Guinea worm disease is poised to become only the second disease in history of the world to be eradicated (smallpox was the first). The Carter Centre – initiated by former US President Jimmy Carter for administering the scheme – claims that the annual incidence of Guinea worm disease has been reduced by more than 95%. Fifteen years ago, it was estimated that more than 3.2 million cases of Guinea worm disease occurred and more than 100 million people were at risk of infection. Today, only about 150,000 cases remain in the world. Source: APME

尼龙过滤膜正用于协助世界卫生组织75亿美元的浩大运动争取在2030年在世界范围消除感染性疾病,特别是直击其中之一 - 几内亚蠕虫病(麦地那龙线虫病)。采用特殊的尼龙单芯面料从饮用水中直接滤除几内亚蠕虫幼体,并已在亚非使用成百上千万米。其成果,几内亚蠕虫病即将成为人类历史上唯一的第二种被扑灭的疾病 (第一种就是天花)。卡特中心 - 美国前总统吉米.卡特所创,并运作此项目 - 宣布几内亚蠕虫病年发病率已经减少了95%以上。十五年前,据估计,几内亚蠕虫病达320万例以上,并有一亿人处于感染风险中。目前,全球仅还有15万例。

 

Aromatics are also used to make fibres that can be varied to meet specific needs and produced in quantity. Resistant, warm, light, easy to wash, they can be used both in easy-care clothing and furnishing fabrics.”

芳烃也可生产各种纤维,可演化以满足各种特定要求,并批量生产。耐用、保暖、轻质、易洗,既可用作免烫面料,也可用作家居面料。

 

Aromatics contribute to making our lives easier around the working place: computer casings, touch-sensitive panels on telephones, compact discs and CD-ROMS, and resistant furniture are made using aromatics.”

芳烃有助于让人们在工作场所如鱼得水:电脑外壳、电话触摸屏、光盘、耐用家居,都由芳烃制造。

 

 

From xylenes to anoraks and plastic bottles… 从二甲苯到防水风衣和塑料瓶

Xylene is a colourless liquid produced from crude oil or coal tar. There are several forms of xylene; of these, paraxylene is commercially the most important. Paraxyleneis used to make polyesters, which have applications in clothing, packaging and plastic bottles. The most widely-used polyester is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), used in lightweight, recyclable soft drinks bottles, as fibres in clothing, as a filling for anoraks and duvets, in car tyre cords and conveyor belts. It can also be made into a film which is used in video and audio tapes and x-ray films.

二甲苯是产于原油或煤焦油的无色液体。二甲苯有几种异构体;其中,对二甲苯商业价值最大。对二甲苯用于生产聚酯,进而生产纺织面料、包装材料、塑料瓶等。最广泛使用的聚酯是聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯PET,用于轻质,可循环软饮料瓶、用于纺织面料纤维材料、用作防水风衣、羽绒被的填充料、用作车胎芯绳、或传输带。也可用作音像磁带及X光片的基膜。

 

Plastics packaging: advantages over conventional materials

In the past 50 years, innovations in plastics have revolutionised packaging and added value to the goods they protect and preserve. Thanks to the benefits of plastics in transportation, distributors and retailers around Europe are making substantial savings in resources, time and costs whilst reducing environmental impact. A lorry can carry about 80% more product and 80% less packaging when one-litre bottles made of glass are replaced by PET, which is produced with xylene – an important aromatic. This has a positive impact on the environment: thanks to the change from glass to plastic bottles, fuel consumption is reduced by up to 40% due to the need for fewer delivery trips.

Source: APME

塑料包装:超越传统材料的优势

过去五十年,塑料材料的创新赋予包装行业革命性的变革,赋予所包装保存的产品额外的 增值。由于塑料在运输中的便利,欧洲全境的分销商、零售商在资源、时间、成本上获得巨大的节约,并还减少了环境影响。货车运输的每公升瓶以PET取代玻璃瓶可多装80%产品减少80%的包装,PET就是重要的芳烃原料,二甲苯,制造的。这对环境是有益的,从玻璃瓶改为塑料瓶,送补货次数减少,燃油消耗减少可达40%

ACME

 

 

From toluene to mattresses and ski suits… 从甲苯到席梦思和滑雪衣

Toluene is a colourless liquid, also produced from crude oil or coal tar. Its major end-products are polyurethanes, which are used to make the foam in furniture, mattresses, car seats, building insulation, coatings for floors and furniture and refrigerators. Polyurethanes are also used in artificial sportstracks, jogging shoes, and in roller blade wheels.

甲苯,也是取自原油或煤焦油的无色液体。其主要最终产品是聚氨酯,可生产家具、席梦思、汽车坐垫、建筑保温等的泡沫材料,地板、家具、冰箱等的涂料。聚氨酯也用于人造田径跑道、跑鞋、或滑轮鞋的轮子。

 

“Whether you’re jogging around the block or competing for the Olympics… Aromatics provide you with state-of-the art equipment.”

无论你在小区跑步还是在奥林匹克竞技 ... 芳烃为你提供最时新的装备。

 

 

A Responsible Industry 尽责尽心的产业

All human activities have to be conducted following a number of common-sense rules in order to avoid taking unnecessary risks. Similarly, all chemicals have to be used for the purposes they are intended for, so as to protect the consumer and the environment from any unacceptable risk. The same goes for aromatics; they are safe for all their intended uses, but if they are not used or handled properly, they can have an adverse impact on the environment as well as on human health and safety. Not only the aromatics industry but the whole chemical industry is committed to continuous improvement in all aspects of health, safety and environmental performance. This commitment is called Responsible Care and includes product stewardship, a way to monitor and minimise the potential adverse impact of products on human health and the environment. The industry gives the highest priority to the safety of its products with strict and detailed instructions for safe use, handling, transportation, processing and disposal.  Key factors in deciding whether chemicals could harm human health or the environment are hazard and risk.

人类所有活动都必须按照那些基本公识而展开,以避免无谓之险。同样的,所有化学品都应该用于其本应使用之目的,以保护消费者和环境免于无妄之灾。芳烃物料更是如此;在其本应使用之处都是安全的,但如果应用不当、处置不当,对环境抑或人类健康与安全均会产生不利影响。不仅芳烃产业,甚或整个化工产业承诺不断提升各自在健康安全环境全方位的成效。此一承诺即称为尽责尽心Responsible Care,并包括产品指导,用于管控并最大限度降低产品对人类健康和环境潜在的不利影响。产业界将产品安全提升为重中之重,并对产品的安全使用、处置、运输、加工、和废弃提出严格和详细的指导。决定化学品对人类健康和环境是否有害的主要因素是危害性及风险。

 

Hazard and risk

The hazard associated with a chemical is its intrinsic ability to cause an adverse effect. Risk is the chance that such effects will occur. For example, whilst a chemical may have hazardous properties, provided it is handled safely under contained conditions, any risk to human health or the environment is extremely low. Almost all human activities involve some level of risk: the key is to ensure that the benefit outweighs the risk. The use of fire by humans is an interesting example of optimising the balance between hazard and risk. Fire has played a vital role in the evolution of our species, allowing us to eat a wider range of foods, and live in colder climates than would otherwise have been possible. It is nonetheless extremely hazardous and must be used under carefully controlled conditions to keep risks to a minimum.

某种化学品所关联的危害性在于其引发不利效应的内在潜能。风险则是指此类危害性可以发生的几率。比如,假定某种化学品可能具有危害性质,如果在防护环境中对其加以处置,任何对人类或环境的危害就可能是极低的。几乎所有人类活动都会带来某种程度的风险:关键是确保获益远超风险。人类使用火就是一个有趣的关于最佳调控危害和风险的例子。火在人类种群的进化中举足轻重,使人类得以适应更广的食谱,得以在无火情况下不可能存活的 寒冷气候下存活。然而,火是极其危险且必须在万分谨慎的可控条件下使用,以最大限度降低风险。

 

Risk assessment takes into account the hazard posed by a chemical, a significant safety margin, plus any human or environmental exposure to that chemical. Risk assessments are being carried out at the European Union level to ensure that current usage of chemicals is not posing an unacceptable risk to human health or the environment.

风险评估综合考虑某一化学品的危害性、显著的安全余量、以及人类和环境对此一化学品的 接触量。欧盟层面正在进行各类风险评估以确保当前各种化学品的使用对人类健康和环境不会造成超限的风险。

 

Chemicals Management is part of the Responsible Care programme, and involves managing any risks related to chemical products during their whole lifetime, from design to disposal. This aims to achieve the best possible balance between acceptable risk and maximum benefit for society in the short-, medium- and long-term. Governments set the level of the balance in an open dialogue with stake-holders, including consumers and industry.

化学品管理是Responsible Care尽责尽心项目的一个组成部分,涉及管控化学品整个存续周期中从设计到废弃的所有风险。其目的就是要在可控风险与近-、中-、远-期最大社会效益间取得最佳平衡。各级政府通过与各利益相关方,包括消费者与产业界,的公开交流达成这些平衡点。

 

 

 

Human health and the environment

People working in the aromatics industry have developed a wide range of measures to ensure that consumers and workers are not exposed to harmful levels of aromatics during use or transportation. Risks of exposure during transportation – which takes place mainly via the sea or inland waterways – are controlled by international guidelines on safe handling of cargoes. Some 1.2 billion tonnes of chemicals are moved annually in Europe, accounting for 8% of all freight transported, and costing some EUR 40 billion/year – a high level of costs which confirms industry's commitment to moving chemicals safely. Of the three main groups of aromatics, most concerns have centred around the product benzene. For this reason, scientists in several regions of the world have studied the possible effects of benzene exposure both to consumers and in the workplace. There are several sources of exposure to benzene for the general public. Many people are voluntarily exposed to benzene when they smoke cigarettes. Smoking 30 cigarettes produces about 1800 microgrammes of benzene, whilst passive smoking contributes about 50 microgrammes/day. Other sources include ambient air, both indoors and outdoors (city traffic, open fires and stoves), car refuelling and travelling in a vehicle. Benzene is also found naturally in foods such as fish or grilled meat.

芳烃行业工作的专业人士已经开发了广泛的措施以确保消费者和员工在使用和运输过程中不接触危害程度的芳烃物质。运输过程的接触风险 - 通常在海运或内河水运中 - 已由货物安全输运的国际法规所管控。在欧洲,化学品年运输量达12亿吨,折合所有货物运输量的 8%,运输成本达400亿欧元 - 此也印证了业界安全运输化学品的决心。三大类芳烃产品中,最大忧心的集中在苯类产品上。为此原因,世界不提哦那个 地区的科学家研究了苯接触对消费者及工作场所的可能影响。对公众而言,有几个主要的苯接触来源。很多人通过吸烟主动接触苯。抽吸30根烟相当于产生大约1800毫克苯,而被动吸烟者大约吸入50毫克/天。其它来源包括自然空气,室内和室外 (城市交通、明火和炉火),车辆加油,乘坐车辆等。苯在鱼类、烧烤肉类中也天然存在。。


 

Benzene emissions 苯排放

Although it remains impossible to totally eliminate benzene emissions from factories which make and use this chemical, the quantity of benzene emitted into the air is negligible, and represents less than 6% of all benzene emissions. Besides, the level of benzene emissions has been reduced by 50% since 1995, and the aromatics industry remains committed to further reducing these emissions using methods such as strict air monitoring programmes at production sites, nitrogen blanketing of storage tanks, and installation of vapour recovery systems. The substantial improvements made by industry in recent years have contributed to significant reductions in emissions of benzene into water from production plants. This factor, together with the increased efficiency of the wastewater treatment units, has led to a drastic reduction of benzene emissions in effluents. In addition, tests carried out following the OECD testing methods have confirmed the biodegradability of benzene.

尽管尚未可能从生产 或使用厂家完全消除苯的 排放,空气中的 苯排放量是可 忽略不计的,仅占所有苯排放量的 6%。此外,自1995年以来,苯排放量已减少50%,芳烃业界仍决心进一步降低排放量,采取诸如生产现场严格的空气监测方案,储罐氮封、挥发物回收系统等措施。产业界近年来取得的实质进步显著降低了生产工厂对水体的苯的排放。此一因素,再加诸废水处理单元的效率提升,已成功地显著降低苯在废水中的排放。此外,按经合组织OECD测试方法进行的测试确认了苯的生物可降解性。

 

In the workplace 工作场所

Workers ’ health and benzene levels in air are monitored at production sites. Air monitoring is a legal requirement for chemicals such as benzene, which have an occupational exposure limit. This is the legal maximum air concentration permissible in the workplace that regulators have reason to assume does not cause health effects in workers over a working lifetime daily exposure. National and international standards exist which limit this exposure by imposing strict occupational exposure limits; the European Commission imposes a limit of 1 ppm (1 part per million, in milligrams benzene per cubic meter air) in the workplace. To illustrate what is meant by 1 ppm, one should imagine a fifth of a drop of water in a 10-liter bucket of water. Industry standards are usually more stringent than this, and often include occupational monitoring programmes to confirm that workplace controls and practices are as safe as possible.

员工健康及空气中苯含量由生产现场予以监测。对苯类化学品的空气监测是法规要求,即职业接触限值。此即合法的工作场所最大允许空气浓度,亦即立法者有理由认定在员工整个工作生涯中不致引发健康问题的日接触量。要说明1ppm的意味,只要想象在一个10公升水中五分之一滴水珠的比例即可。业界标准通常比这个更为严格,并通常还包括职业监控项目以确保工作场所的控制和作业尽可能地安全。

 

The level of benzene emissions from factories represents less than 6% of all benzene emissions. These have been reduced by 50% since 1995, and the industry remains committed to reducing them even further. ”

生产厂的苯排放量,大约为整体苯排放量的6%。这个数字自1995年来,降低了约50%,业界继续致力于进一步加以降低。

 

In conclusion… 结语

Benzene is an essential starting material for the manufacture of a very wide range of consumer products. It has often been attacked as a hazardous product; long-term exposure to high levels of benzene vapour has indeed been associated with serious health risks. However, present working conditions drastically reduce such a risk for production plant workers; and consumer products contain only trace amounts of benzene, as all benzene made by industry is used to produce other chemicals which are then used to make consumers goods. These must in turn meet strict international standards to protect the consumer from any risk.  The general public is commonly not exposed to benzene, except for extremely minute amounts from a variety of sources, such as city traffic, open fires and smoking, both active and passive, car refuelling and travelling in a vehicle. Therefore, the overall exposure of an individual to benzene can be said to be unique to that individual, since it is dependent on his/her life-style and daily activities. In rural areas, for example, exposures are far lower than those found in the cities. Men and women working in the aromatics industry take their responsibilities seriously; they, and their families, are consumers themselves, and they strive for a continuous improvement of their health, safety and environment-related performance. This is why they are more demanding with themselves and continuously develop new technologies that will allow them to apply more stringent standards than are required by regulatory authorities. The aromatics industry is an innovative and a strictly regulated sector, constantly developing new products that contribute to our quality of life while at the same time respecting and protecting the consumers’ general interests.

苯是一个基础的起始物料可用于生产非常广泛的消费产品。其常被指责为危害物质;长期接触高水平的苯挥发物确实会导致严重的健康风险。然而,现今的工作条件极大地降低了生产一线工人的此类风险。;消费产品仅含有痕量苯,因为所有苯都先被用于合成其它化学品,然后这些其它化学品再被制成消费产品。这些同样也需符合严格的国际标准以保护消费者远离风险。普通公众一般不接触苯,除非是来自各种源头的极少数量,比如城市交通、明火或主动及被动吸烟、车辆加油、乘坐车辆等。因此,个体苯的总接触量可以说对个体特定的,取决于他或她的生活方式和日常活动。比如,在农村地区接触量就比城市低很多。芳烃产业工作的人们非常认真地承担自身的职责;他们,以及他们家庭也是消费者,他们也在努力争取持续改善各自健康、安全、环境方面的绩效。因此,他们对自身要求更为严格并不断开发新技术从而可以应用比法规要求更严格的行业标准。芳烃产业是一个创新且严格监管的行业,不断开发新的产品以奉献于提高人们的生活质量,同时,敬畏并守护消费者的整体利益。

 


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